Debora BENCIVENGA
Insegnamento di BIOCHIMICA
Corso di laurea in FISIOTERAPIA (ABILITANTE ALLA PROFESSIONE SANITARIA DI FISIOTERAPISTA)
SSD: BIO/10
CFU: 2,00
ORE PER UNITÀ DIDATTICA: 18,00
Periodo di Erogazione: Primo Semestre
Italiano
| Lingua di insegnamento | italiano |
| Contenuti | Il programma di biochimica include contenuti fondamentali come la chimica e la biologia, con un focus particolare sulla comprensione della struttura e funzione delle biomolecole. Gli studenti acquisiranno conoscenze sulla chimica dei legami e gruppi funzionali, classi di macromolecole, vitamine e loro ruolo nelle reazioni biochimiche, la cinetica enzimatica, i reazioni di ossido-riduzione e significato dei composti ad alta energia, e le tecniche molecolari. Inoltre, si affronteranno i principali processi biologici nelle cellule animali, con particolare attenzione ai destini metabolici dei principali componenti degli alimenti. Tra gli argomenti affrontati sarà posta enfasi su: Metabolismo del glucosio e regolazione di biosintesi e ossidazione. metabolismo del glicogeno. Regolazione ormonale |
| Testi di riferimento | accanto al materiale didattico (slides) condiviso con gli studenti, i testi suggeriti sono: |
| Obiettivi formativi | L'obiettivo formativo del corso è quello di promuovere competenze riguardanti: |
| Prerequisiti | conoscenze di base della Chimica |
| Metodologie didattiche | lezioni frontali, attività integrative condotte on line, test intermedi a scopo di autovalutazione e per il monitoraggio dell'apprendimento |
| Metodi di valutazione | La prova orale, della durata di circa 30 min intende accertare l’apprendimento delle conoscenze sulla struttura delle molecole più importanti in Biochimica come i carboidrati, gli amminoacidi e le proteine sia nel loro ruolo strutturale che metabolico; lo studente deve dimostrare di avere un’adeguata conoscenza sui pathway biochimici e di essere in grado di collegare il metabolismo cellulare con le regolazioni ormonali seguendo lo schema dinamico digiuno/buona alimentazione. |
| Altre informazioni | il materiale didattico presentato alle lezioni viene condiviso con gli studenti al termine di ciascuna lezione e/o argomento trattato. |
| Programma del corso | ntroduzione generale alla Biochimica: Definizioni di organismo vivente. Organizzazione |
English
| Teaching language | italian |
| Contents | The biochemistry program includes fundamental content such as chemistry and biology, with a particular focus on understanding the structure and function of biomolecules. Students will gain knowledge about bond chemistry and functional groups, classes of macromolecules, vitamins and their role in biochemical reactions, enzyme kinetics, redox reactions and the significance of high-energy compounds, and molecular techniques. Additionally, the main biological processes in animal cells will be addressed, with particular attention to the metabolic fates of the main components of food. Among the topics covered, emphasis will be placed on: Glucose metabolism and regulation of biosynthesis and oxidation, glycogen metabolism, and hormonal regulation. |
| Textbook and course materials | accanto al materiale didattico (slides) condiviso con gli studenti, i testi suggeriti sono: |
| Course objectives | The educational objective of the course is to promote skills related to: |
| Prerequisites | basic knowledge of chemistry |
| Teaching methods | Lectures, supplementary activities conducted online, intermediate tests for self-assessment and for monitoring learning |
| Evaluation methods | The oral exam, approximately of 30 minutes, is intended to assess the student's knowledge of the structure of the most important molecules in biochemistry, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins, both in terms of their structural and metabolic roles. Students must demonstrate adequate knowledge of biochemical pathways and the ability to connect cellular metabolism with hormonal regulation by following the fasting/healthy eating dynamic. |
| Other information | The teaching materials presented during the lessons are shared with the students at the end of each lesson and/or topic covered. |
| Course Syllabus | General introduction to Biochemistry: Definitions of living organism. Hierarchical organization of cellular components. Structure and function of proteins: amino acids and their classification. The peptide bond and its structural characteristics. Proteins: functions and levels of protein structure. Prosthetic groups. Native conformation and denaturation: principles and examples. Oxygen transport: The role of oxygen in metabolism. Myoglobin: heme group, structure of myoglobin, oxygen binding, saturation curve. Hemoglobin: structure, oxygen binding, saturation curve and its comparison with that of myoglobin. Allosteric effectors, Bohr effect, BPG, fetal hemoglobin. Enzymes: catalytic activity, active site, principles of enzyme kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten model and the Lineweaver-Burk derivation. Enzyme inhibitors: kinetics of competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Coenzymes and vitamins. Lipids: Storage lipids and structural lipids. Structure and dynamics of membranes. Transport of solutes across membranes. Transport kinetics and affinity. Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary and secondary active transport. Energy sources for transport against a gradient. General concepts of bioenergetics and metabolism: Energy and chemical reactions. Spontaneity of a reaction: endergonic and exergonic reactions. Coupling of reactions. ATP as the universal carrier of free energy in biological systems. Oxidation-reduction reactions in metabolism. Coenzymes in redox reactions. Transport of acyl groups: coenzyme A and thioester hydrolysis. Glycolysis: reactions, enzymes, energy balance. Pyruvate fates. Fermentations and their function. Entry into the mitochondria and oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Krebs cycle: The cycle: reactions, enzymes, energy balance. Anaplerotic reactions. The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation: General scheme and logic of the electron transport chain. Redox potentials and changes in free energy; fixed and mobile electron carriers in the respiratory chain; structural basis of electron flow and the generated proton-motive force; ATP synthase; calculation of ATP obtained from the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule; uncoupling proteins of respiration and their significance. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids: lipid digestion: bile salts, pancreatic lipase. Absorption and synthesis of chylomicrons. Intracellular transport and activation of fatty acids; fates of acyl-CoA. Entry into mitochondria: the carnitine shuttle. Beta-oxidation: reactions, enzymes, energy balance. Synthesis of ketone bodies and its regulation, oxidative utilization of ketone bodies. Fatty acid biosynthesis: energy function and plastic function of lipids. |








